The word "sham" refers to something that is not what it appears to be; it is a false or deceptive representation. It can describe a situation, object, or act that is fake or insincere, often intended to trick or mislead. For example, a "sham marriage" would be a marriage without the genuine intention to be together, often undertaken for legal or financial benefits.
The word "sham" originates from the early 19th century, likely derived from the phrase "to sham," which means to feign or pretend. It is thought to have connections to the dialectical term "sham," which means to deceive or trick.