The word "passed" is the past tense of the verb "pass." It generally means to move or transfer from one place to another, to go by something, or to complete a task—such as passing a test. In various contexts, it can refer to the act of allowing something to be accepted or approved, as in passing legislation.
The word "pass" comes from the Latin "passare," which means "to step" or "to go by." This evolved through Old French "passer" before arriving in Middle English as "passen," ultimately taking the form "pass" we use today.