The term 'catch 22' refers to a frustrating situation where an individual cannot escape a problem because of contradictory rules or conditions. Essentially, it is a no-win scenario where one is trapped by the very rules that should provide a solution. The term often implies that there is no way to succeed because of these paradoxical circumstances.
The term 'catch 22' originates from Joseph Heller's novel Catch-22, published in 1961. In the novel, a catch-22 is a rule governing a military bureaucracy that prevents soldiers from avoiding dangerous missions; one cannot escape the missions unless deemed insane, but requesting to be declared insane is a sign of sanity, thus making it impossible to opt-out.