A "cartel" is a group of independent businesses or organizations that come together to coordinate their actions in order to control the market for a particular product or service. This often involves agreements on pricing, production levels, and market distribution to limit competition and maximize profits. Cartels can be illegal in many countries because they restrict free trade and can lead to higher prices for consumers.
The word "cartel" originates from the Italian word "cartello," which means "a little card." It was used to describe a written agreement. Later, it was adopted into French in the 19th century and eventually made its way into English, retaining the connotation of an agreement, particularly in the context of cooperation between competing businesses.